Chaucer Essay - 2650 Words

Chaucers The Canterbury Tales demonstrate many different attitudes toward and perceptions of marriage. Some of these ideas are more liberal thought such as the marriages portrayed in the Wife of Bath, the Clerk’s and Merchant’s Tales. Then there are those tales that are very traditional, such as that discussed in the Franklins and the Squire’s tales. And lastly there is a tales of that of the Friar and the Summoner which aren’t really involved with marriage but are in the middle of the marriage group to show the fighting between two men and to prove the Wife of bath right. While several of these tales are rather comical, they do indeed give us a representation of the attitudes toward marriage at that time in history. Marriage in†¦show more content†¦She depicts women as a commodity to be bought and used in marriage, one whose economic and religious task was to pay the debt in a society although she claims to have control over this process. For exa mple, her first three husbands gave her economic security in exchange for the sexual use of her body. This degradation of sexual life in the culture is greatly evoked, and supported by the Churchs command to pay the debt. The Wife of Bath clearly rebels against male domination with regard to her first three husbands but still accepts the ways in which she survives economically. Overall, marriage for the Wife of Bath is much more than sexual pleasure; it provides her with a vast sense of power in the exercise of her sovereignty. â€Å"That nogh wol be governed by hir wyves† (Chaucer 122). Through obstinacy, the Wife of Bath declares that a wife will achieve sovereignty in marriage, which is good for both wife and husband as a womans sovereignty provides for peace. She also sees women as objects and commodities to be purchased, which is probably why she has such a great lack of respect for marriage. The Friar’s and Summoner’s Tales come right in the middle of the marriage groups tales. These two tales come right after the Wife of bath’s tale to connect them to the marriage group. Both of these tales connectShow MoreRelatedEssay on Geoffrey Chaucer778 Words   |  4 PagesGeoffrey Chaucer Geoffrey Chaucer was a poet, a writer, and of course a diplomat. Geoffrey Chaucer was born in the early hours of 1340s to John Chaucer, a vintner and assistant to the kings butler. As a boy, he was a leaf to the Countess of Ulster. (Lombardi) Chaucer was the most famous for writing his unfinished Canterbury tales. (Geoffrey Chaucer) He was born in London, only problem is, the exact date and place are unknown. From his writings Chaucer emerges as poet of love, both worldly and heavenlyRead More Chaucer Essay961 Words   |  4 PagesBeowulf of the eighth century and Geoffrey Chaucers Canterbury Tales of the fourteenth century. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The time in which Chaucer lived was quot;one of the most disagreeable periods of our national historyquot; (Legouis 80). The Black Death destroyed a third of the population and many people turned to the church for help. Goeffery Chaucer, being quot;the great poetical observer of men, who in every age is born to record and eternizequot; (Blake 51), wrote The Canterbury TalesRead MoreAge of Chaucer1901 Words   |  8 PagesRomaunt of the Rose: It’s a lengthy allegorical poem written in octosyllabic couplets and based upon Le Romaunt de la Rose of Guillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meung. According to critics, not the entire poem, but the first part of it may be written by Chaucer. In this dream poem the narrator enters the Garden of Mirth, where he sees various allegorized figures and falls in love with a rosebud. Part A and B describe the instructions of the god of love to the dreamer. Part C is a fragment and satirizesRead MoreThe Wife Of Bath, By Geoffrey Chaucer1091 Words   |  5 Pagesdominated society. â€Å"Millions are condemned to a stiller doom than mine, and millions are in silent revolt against their lot.† As Charlotte Brontà « and many other authors have found, it is seemingly unfair that these roles are the way they are. Geoffrey Chaucer also explores this reality with his creation of the Wife of Bath’s Tale. Although her thoughts may have been a bit different from Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s, the character portrayed in this tale explores the duality of both challenging and upholding the patriarchyRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales, by Geoffrey Chaucer1582 Words   |  7 Pages Geoffrey Chaucer wrote the Canterbury tales a collection of short tales in the 14th century. The compilation of stories are told by different characters within the narrative as part of a game proposed by the host. Each individual must tell two stories on their journey and two stories on their way back. Each story tells some aspects of English life during the time and often added satire like qualities to the English life. In particular Chaucer often tells stories with elements of the relationshipRead MoreChaucer s The Canterbury Tales1064 Words   |  5 PagesGeoffrey Chaucer, The Author of the Canterbury Tales, is known as the Father of English Literature and is one of the greatest English Poets of the Middle Ages. Chaucer was a soldier, a diplomat, a civil servant, and a courtier, enabling him to experience different aspects of each social ranking, which he demonstrated through his poetry. The Canterbury Tales, his most famous work, is a collection of short stories within a frame story, making for an interesting and memorable narrative about 29 pilgrimsRead MoreEssay on Chaucer: Satire And Humor2661 Words   |  11 PagesChaucer: Satire And Humor Until Geoffrey Chaucer wrote the Canterbury Tales, he was primarily know for being the writer of love poems, such as The Parliament of Fowls, narratives of doomed passion, and stories of women wronged by their lovers. These works are nothing short of being breath taking, but they do not posses the raw power that the Canterbury Tales do. This unfinished poem, which is about 17,000 lines, is one of the most brilliant works in all of literature. The poem introducesRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer2127 Words   |  9 PagesIt is unknown when Geoffrey Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales, but it is assumed that he wrote it in 1387. There are many different aspects and themes throughout this paper that are very prominent. One theme that is very important is the importance of company. This entire tale is about twenty-nine pilgrims who all tell tales while on a pilgrimage to the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket in Canterbury. The importance of company is that this is a pilgrimage that requires companions and friendship. ThoughRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer2664 Words   |  11 PagesThe Canterbury Tales The Canterbury Tales was written by Geoffrey Chaucer in 1392, during the medieval period in Europe. Three important aspects, his family’s ties to the court, his schooling and working for royalty (XI), and his love for reading and learning (XII) all combined and enabled him to create his greatest work, The Canterbury Tales. Chaucer includes many different characters, pilgrims, all from very unique walks of life. Although there are not as many women included as men, their storiesRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer2648 Words   |  11 PagesThe Canterbury Tales was written by Geoffrey Chaucer in 1392, during the medieval period in Europe. Three important aspects, his family’s ties to the court, his schooling and working for royalty (XI), and his love for reading and learning (XII) all combined and enabled him to create his greatest work, The Canterbury Tales. Chaucer includes many different characters, pilgrims, all from very unique walks of life. Although there are not as many women included as men, their stories give some extraordinary

The Endings Of Sophocles Antigone - 919 Words

Although they are versions of the same play, the endings of Sophocles Antigone and Anne Carson s Antigonick convey contrasting ideas of the power of fate, and its role in tragedy. In Antigone, fate is described as an inevitable, insurmountable aspect of life that cannot be avoided. On the other hand, Antigonick shows fate to be a malleable product which can be controlled by the decisions individuals take in their lives. Through the role of the chorus, the addition of Nick, and the catharses of the characters, Carson shows that fate is something which we can master. In both texts, the responsibility of the chorus is to comment upon the play s proceedings, and to make key observations about the characters actions. As Antigone is being paraded to her burial in Antigone, the chorus states, The power of fate is a wonder,/ dark, terrible wonder—/ neither wealth nor armies/ towered walls nor ships/ black hulls lashed by the salt/ can save us from that force. (1045-1050) It emph asizes that fate is very powerful, and that it is not within humans capacity to alter. Thus, Antigone and Creon are never capable of influencing their own lives; they are not responsible for the tragedy that ensues, because fate would have seen to it anyway. In contrast, the chorus in Antigonick says that it likes to find precedents, pointing out that We re not at a loss how to think about this/ We re not without guidance. The chorus states that Creon can avoid making the same mistakesShow MoreRelatedAntigone: Free Will and Destiny1367 Words   |  6 PagesAntigone: The Influence of Free Will and Destiny Throughout Antigone, fate is responsible for many of the most devastating and critical events. The characters Antigone, Creon, Ismene, Haemon, and Tirasias experience many occasions that change their destiny, some events of which were predestined. It is frequently shown that fate and free will are intertwined. Each individual has a destiny, but it can be changed if they use their free will. Sophocle’s message is portrayed throughout the story throughRead MoreAntigone Character Analysis1422 Words   |  6 Pages Antigone, the final play in a series including Oedipus Rex by Sophocles, discusses the ideas of leadership, family, and choices. It features two central characters: Antigone, a girl who chooses to illegally bury her brother, and Creon, a king who decrees the burial of the brother to be illegal. Upon the first encounter of the text, it appears that Antigone is the â€Å"hero† of the play, but on further analysis, one realizes that the tragic hero, as defined by A ristotle, is actually Creon. The ideaRead MoreAnalysis Of Sophocles Antigone And David Hares1314 Words   |  6 PagesIn both Sophocles’ play Antigone and David Hares’ drama Page Eight the plots center on politics and personal identity. The ideas of personal identity and politics are, however, presented in very distinct manners. In Antigone, Sophocles portrays politics and personal identity in a nullifying manner as they lead to death and there is no happy ending. Hares, on the other hand, presents politics and personal identity in a more constructing manner as there is no tragic deaths and there is more of a pleasantRead More Male Reactions to Female Power in Antigone1473 Words   |  6 Pages Western society has a long history of subjugating women to men. Some cite the idea that women are somehow weaker or inferior to men as a reason for the existence of this social dynamic. In Sophocless Antigone and, Dürrenmatts The Visit, however, the female leads show great strength and are even able to threaten the male leads with their power. Creon and Alfred Ills disdainful and oppressive treatment of women stems not from the supposed inferiority of women, but from the theme that man is afraidRead More Antigone Essay1031 Words   |  5 Pagesof drama and tragedy, Antigone can be used to relate to current conflicts. One such conflict is that between Haemon and his father Creon. Haemon looks up to Creon with honor and pride, but as conflict arises, that relation is disassociated and new feelings grow. The first conversation between them is what initiates the downfall of their bond. While it seems that Creon is the most important person in Haemon’s life, Antigone is in fact the one that has won Haemon over. Antigone, written by the AthenianRead MoreAntigones Character1565 Words   |  7 PagesSteeped in family drama, death, politics, and religion, Sophocles’ Antigone is a complex tragedy to say the least. The basic plot of the tragedy is the conflict between Antigone’s family principles and religious tradition and Creon’s embodiment of state and its authority (Scodel). It is on of three tragedies written by Sophocles that chronicle the life of Oedipus. It was written before Oedipus the King, but is a culmination of the events that occurred after Oedipus’ death (Norton 610). Antigone’sRead More Antigone Essay1318 Words   |  6 PagesAntigone Essay In any story or piece of literature, there will always be the main characters to fill the pages with incessant adventure. The characters whose names appear on almost every page and the characters whose actions the story revolves around. However, a story will also always have its minor characters. These are the characters that contribute heavily to the plot, yet arent mentioned quite as often and are underestimated regarding their importance in the story. In the Greek masterpieceRead MoreProtests In Antigone By Sophocles1278 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout Antigone, Sophocles develops the idea of emotion in protests through the actions of Antigone. Antigone, angry at Creon’s refusal to bury her dead brother, decides to protest and go against the rule of the state. Creon responds in return, rashly sentencing Antigone to death. At the end, the play ends in tragedy, with Creon’s son Haemon, Creon’s wife, and Antigone all dead from their emotionally driven choices. Throughout his play, Sophocles’ develops the idea of pathos in protests, showingRead MoreThe True Tragic Hero of Antigone879 Words   |  4 Pageshamartia, leads to their failure in the end. A perfect example of this can be found in Sophocles’ trilogy, The Theban Plays which follows the struggling city of Thebes and the efforts of its rulers to escape their misfortune. Antigone, the third play is an excellent example of this. As the title is Antigone, o ne would assume that she is the tragic hero, or heroine, but this is not the case. In the tragedy Antigone, Creon fills the role of tragic hero. Creon’s power sets him apart from the averageRead More Antigone – Strong and Powerful or Spoiled and Stubborn? Essay1162 Words   |  5 PagesAntigone – Strong and Powerful or Spoiled and Stubborn? Of the tragic figures in Antigone, Creon is the most obviously evil because his motives are self-serving and his fate the worst. As the play begins, we learn that Antigone has defied Creons royal decree by performing sacred burial rites for her exiled brother, Polyneices. Polyneices has been declared an enemy of the state by Creon. The sentence for anyone attempting to bury him is death by stoning. Creon has become King of Thebes by

Television and the Rhetorical Analysis free essay sample

May 9th, 1961. Newton N. Minow stands in front of a convention of the National Association of Broadcasters to give his first big speech, â€Å"Television and the Public Interest. † Minow was appointed by President John F Kennedy himself, as the new chairman of the Federal Communication Commission (FCC). His speech directly speaks about the influence and future of broadcasting television. He refers the current programming as a â€Å"vast wasteland† and ultimately advocates programming in the public interest. (Wikipedia 1) Minow’s purpose and target audience in his speech is very clear. As Minow states, â€Å"I intend to find out whether the community which each broadcaster serves believes he has been serving the public interest. † (Minow 41) His target audience is the current broadcasters of the FCC and his purpose is to persuade them to serve the public interest for television. These two things are constantly reflected and connected throughout the speech. Minow conveys several arguments about the television programming at the current time and why his audience, the current broadcasters, need to focus more on the public interest. Minow is effective in persuading his audience by the use of his logical, ethical, and emotional appeals in his speech. Minow used logical appeal, or logos, several times in his speech. For example as Minow states, â€Å"Profit before taxes was 243,900,000 dollars, an average return on revenue of 19. 2 per cent. Compare these with 1959, when gross broadcast revenues were 1,163,900,000 dollars, and profit before taxes was 222,300,000, an average return on revenue of 19. 1 per cent. † (Minow 8) He uses these numbers and statistics to establish the financial values of television broadcasting. Minow stresses the broadcasters cannot be too focused on the ratings and profits. As he says, â€Å"And I hope that you broadcasters will not permit yourselves to become so absorbed in the daily chase for ratings, sales, and profits that you lose this wider view. † (Minow 59) Minow wanted the broadcastings to pay less attention to ratings and more to educational broadcasting. Minow’s choice of logos was a wise one because according to Lundsford, â€Å"audiences respond well to the presentation of facts, statistics† (Lunsford 35) Minow’s use of ethos, or ethical appeal, is evident. As Minow states in the beginning, â€Å"When the New Frontiersmen rode into town, I locked myself in my office to do my homework and get my feet wet. But apparently I havent managed yet to stay out of hot water. † (Minow 2) According to Everything’s an Argument by, Andrea Lunsford and John Ruszkiewics, â€Å"credibility speaks to a writer’s honesty, respect for an audience and its values, and plain likeability. † (Lunsford 59) Minow initially states that he is the pretty much the new guy and emphasizes his credentials by saying that he has been doing his homework. In addition Minow states, â€Å"I am the chairman of the FCC. But I am also a television viewer and the husband and father of other television viewers. † (Minow 18) Minow here establishes more credibility and gets more personal with his audience on a deeper level using some emotional appeal. His use of ethical appeal was successful because he â€Å"emphasized his shares values with the audience. † (Lunsford 34) Minow’s use of emotional appeal, or pathos, is by far the appeal he conveys the most. For example, Minow states, â€Å"I intend to take the job of chairman of the FCC very seriously. I happen to believe in the gravity of my own particular sector of the New Frontier. † (Minow 39) According to Wikipedia, â€Å"The New Frontier† was a term used by John F. Kennedy to describe the challenges facing the United States. Minow refers to the New Frontier to describe upcoming challenges and responsibilities as chairman of the FCC. Being appointed by the President himself and using some of his own phrases show that he is very serious and stern about his beliefs. Minow also states, â€Å"Is there a person in the room who claims broadcasting can’t do better? Well a glance at next season’s proposed programming can give us a little heart. † (Minow 22) Here Minow tries to generate emotion by challenging the audience about their choice of broadcasting. He speaks about the heart and earlier about being a husband and father to build those emotional bridges. Minow clearly has hope for the future of broadcasting television claiming that it can do better. Minow establishes great connection with his audience all throughout his speech. Beginning his speech he says, â€Å"Governor Collins youre much too kind, as all of you have been to me the last few days. Its been a great pleasure and an honor for me to meet so many of you. And I want to thank you for this opportunity to meet with you today. † (Minow 1) He initially compliments and thanks the audience to make them feel more comfortable. In addition, Minow states, â€Å"It may also come as a surprise to some of you, but I want you to know that you have my admiration and my respect. † (Minow 4) Here Minow displays his respect for his audience and according to Everything’s an Argument, â€Å"respect is crucial in arguments. † (Lunsford 101) In addition, Minow challenges his audience with his most famous statement, â€Å"When television is good, nothing not the theater, not the magazines or newspapers nothing is better. But when television is bad, nothing is worse. I invite each of you to sit down in front of your television set when your station goes on the air and stay there, for a day, without a book, without a magazine, without a newspaper, without a profit and loss sheet or a rating book to distract you. Keep your eyes glued to that set until the station signs off. I can assure you that what you will observe is a vast wasteland. † (Minow 20) Minow dares his audience to pay close attention to their television. The â€Å"vast wasteland† he refers to is about the broadcasting that is going on now and how it is all just mindless junk. Minow aims toward more education television to enrich the viewer’s mind. Ultimately, Minow, as Everything’s an Argument describes, wants to â€Å"generates specific emotions in his audience to accept his claim. † (Lunsford 601) and persuade his audience to take action to change broadcasting for the better. This speech clearly makes an argument for proposal. Constantly throughout the speech, Minow tries to persuade the broadcasters to take action. In 1961 in Kennedy’s inaugural address, he had a famous statement , â€Å"ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. † (Kennedy 18) Concluding his speech Minow paraphrases his statement saying, â€Å"Ask not what broadcasting can do for you; ask what you can do for broadcasting. And ask what broadcasting can do for America. † (Minow 65). Minow really tries to emphasize how important broadcasting is to the public. He challenges his audience to question themselves and think about what they can do to improve broadcasting television. Minow mostly speaks about the future. As Minow speaks to his audience, â€Å"There is your challenge to leadership. You must reexamine some fundamentals of your industry. You must open your minds and open your hearts to the limitless horizons of tomorrow. † (Minow 55) He speaks of the future because he believes in it and thinks the industry moving toward public interest is what is right in their duty. In addition, he refers to the present when he is stating the current problems of broadcasting television. For example, as Minow states, â€Å"Why is so much of television so bad? Ive heard many answers: demands of your advertisers; competition for ever higher ratings; the need always to attract a mass audience; the high cost of television programs; the insatiable appetite for programming material. These are some of the reasons. â€Å" (Minow 23) Minow’s reasons are describing the broadcasters needs for higher rating and bigger profits. He thinks the present television is bad and wants it to change for the better in the future. Overall, Newton N. Minows speech, â€Å"Television and the Public Interest†, is effective in persuading his audience by the use of his ethical, logical, and emotional appeals. From his credentials to his statistics, Minow has achieved to use all three different kinds of appeal. With a clear purpose, he was able to establish a strong connection within his audience. Minows speech undoubtedly helped revolutionize television. According to Wikipedia, â€Å"it is counted as one of the one hundred best American speeches of the 20th century by several authorities and selected as one of the 25 Speeches that Changed the World by Vital Speeches â€Å" (Wikipedia 2) Minow was obviously very passionate about this topic and wanted action to be done. As he stated, â€Å"Above all, I am here to uphold and protect the public interest. † (Minow 11) This goes to show that Minow’s speech had a very big impact on television.

Meno - Shape free essay sample

Shape is that which alone of existing things always follows color. A shape Is that which limits a solid; In a word, a shape Is the Limit of a the play Men, written by Plato, there is a point in which Men asks that Socrates give a definition of shape. In the end of it, Socrates is forced to give two separate definitions, for Men considers the first to be foolish. As the two definitions are read and compared, one is forced to wonder which, if either of the two, is true, and if neither of them are true, which one has the most logic.When comparing the iris deflation of shape: that which alone of existing things always follows color, to the second definition: the Limit of a solid, It can be seen that the difference In meaning between the two is great. Not only in the sense that the first is stated simply and can be defended easily, while the later is more difficult to comprehend and back up; but also in the sense that the second would have to involve the defiance of mathematical theories and/or proofs in order to stand true, while the first does not. We will write a custom essay sample on Meno Shape or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It should also be noted that In the first deflation, the word a Is never mentioned.Socrates Is not making a statement about a shape or a color, but about shape and color themselves. In the definition given to please Men, Socrates words are a shape and a solid. It can be taken from earlier discussions in the play that the second definition is simply a definition of a shape, rather than a definition of shape in and of itself. Len the simple sentence that Socrates originally gives to Men, he has not given then deflation of a shape, rather he has given the definition of the term shape. For example, If a person was asked what a triangle Is. E response would most likely be that it is a shape, but shape would never be defined as shape itself. It is simply an object that falls under the category of shape. Therefore, in one sentence, Socrates has put a definition to shape, for without color there can be no shape, there could not even be a shape to fall under the category that would have once been known as shape. None of the examples that Socrates and Men discussed could prove the deflation false. If something Is round, for Instance, then It Is a shape, and a shape cannot exist without color.Therefore, shape must be formed by color, proving that color must precede shape and that shape must proceed color. The same proves true of a square, trapezoid, cube, or any other shape that exists. For, a solid must have a specific area and volume, and the naked eye can tell that the solid is there and has color, because if it had no color It would not be visible, therefore it would not be known to exist. In order for a shape that Is not a solid, such as a line, to be seen, It must be drawn or made visible In some other way. As soon as that occurs, color Is what has formed it. BRB> Socrates statement is also disputable. Take the matter of the geometric plane. It is not visible. It can be represented for any purpose by drawing it, but as soon as it is drawn, it is no longer a plane for restrictions have been put upon it. A plane continues infinitely In all directions. Although geometric planes cannot be seen, It Is a mathematical fact that they exist, although It Is not known for certain If shape, but it is a shape that cannot be seen, an infinite shape, and one that requires no color to be called so.But the mystery of the geometric plane in relationship to this function has not been solved, for an object such as a circle cannot exist without a geometric plane, but a geometric plane can exist with an object. So, since it has been stated by Socrates that shape cannot exist without color, what should be said when a circle existing solely because of color is on a geometric plane? The geometric plane must exist, as the circle is on it and as the circle cannot exist without it, but is the plane considered a shape since its area is infinite?There is certainly the possibility that there are those who do not think of it as a shape because it has no restrictions UT on it, but if this was so, why did Socrates not include this in his definition? It could have possibly been because by shape he meant objects with definite form. There is the possibility that, in the mind of Socrates, his definition is unfunded, for it may have been that he did not view a geometric plane as a shape, but only as something that has an area which extends infinitely. If this was the case, then his statement is indisputable.However, if that was not the case, he may have stated it for the purpose of discovering how far he could stretch Mens logic. However, there is also the slight possibility that Socrates did not consider all of the options and examples that were filed under the category of shape, and therefore he could very well be wrong. In this situation it is difficult to tell how truthful this definition is, for what was going on in Socrates mind at that time cannot be known to us. It is for each to draw a conclusion from. BRB> Then the question arises as to the truth and logic involved in Socrates second definition, which is given purely to please Men. The problem that occurs when this statement is made is that it is mathematically impossible to have a finite number of hopes; therefore, there are an infinite amount of solids, meaning that a solid cannot be limited. A shape can look like anything; it can have any form, but the instant that even the smallest part of that shape is moved or shifted, it becomes a different shape altogether.Several examples exist that can prove this statement untrue. Take the word round, which Socrates used as an aid in an example that was given to Men in a previous part of the text. A ball, for instance, is a round solid (round being any shape that has a circumference), so the conclusion can be reached that the ball is a old and round is its shape, therefore the shape is limited by only the solidity of the ball. Thus, this does not support Socrates definition, for it shows that the shape is limited by the solid, not that the solid is limited by the shape.In addition to this, there is another dispute against this definition of shape using the word round. A circle is round, and yet it is not a solid. Therefore, this statement does not define the term shape; rather it defines on a certain type of shape, a solid shape. The logic that Socrates had in stating his second answer in those particular arms could have been several. It would have followed the theme that is seen throughout the play of the Men and Socrates mocking each other. Socrates knew that the answer that would please Men the most would be the one that sounded the smartest but made the least amount of sense. However, Men does not seem to realize this, and accepts Socrates answer. This should have made it especially form of Georgia. Men is always agreeing with him, and incorporates his points into many of the conversations that he tends to hold. Not only is Socrates secretly mocking Men, he is also mocking Georgia. BRB> At first appearance, both definitions seem to hold some weight.However, upon further investigation, the second can be ruled out as truth altogether. The first holds much weight, and definitely contains a higher percentage of truth within it than the second. However, the debate about whether all shapes can fall under his original definition is still debatable; having many strong points, but one weak point. Nonetheless, the conclusion that, if one of the two had to be chosen as the truth, the first definition of Socrates would most certainly emerge victorious.

Unnecessary commas - Emphasis

Unnecessary commas Unnecessary commas Write Away reader Bill Friar got in touch to air one of his professional writing bugbears: I would dearly love to see an item on the creeping trend of putting commas between peoples names and their titles or descriptive terms. For example: Prime Minister, David Cameron, spoke outside Downing Street. or action star, Tom Cruise, went on a rampage I dont remember seeing this kind of thing very often even five years ago. Now its everywhere. The madness must stop. Thanks, Bill. You make an excellent point those double commas hugging Tom Cruise and David Cameron shouldnt be there. But why is this punctuation wrong? Appositives Its wrong because Tom and David, in the above examples, are restrictive appositives. Say what? An appositive is a word, phrase or clause that renames, explains or identifies another noun in the same sentence. They can be restrictive or nonrestrictive. For example: Emphasis Training, the business-writing trainers, are based in Brighton. Youll notice that the appositive above is tucked away between commas. This is because the business-writing trainers is a nonrestrictive appositive: if you remove it from the sentence youd still know who the subject (Emphasis) is, and it would still make sense. However, some appositives are restrictive they cant be left out of the sentence without changing the meaning or leaving people confused. Restrictive appositives should not have commas round them. In Bills examples, the names cant be removed because it would leave the sentences incomplete, as they dont start with a determiner (eg the, a, our etc): Prime Minister spoke outside Downing Street Action star went on a rampage And even if they did, we might still need more information to properly identify the subjects in question, and not leave the reader guessing. For all we know, Prime Minister of Bangladesh Sheikh Hasina was speaking outside Downing Street about Bruce Williss recent rampage. Now thats how rumours get started.

Guide to Carbon Fiber Material

Guide to Carbon Fiber Material Carbon fiber is, exactly what it sounds like - fiber made of carbon. But, these fibers are only a base. What is commonly referred to as carbon fiber is a material consisting of very thin filaments of carbon atoms. When bound together with plastic polymer resin by heat, pressure or in a vacuum a composite material is formed that is both strong and lightweight. Much like cloth, beaver dams, or a rattan chair, the strength of carbon fiber is in the weave. The more complex the weave, the more durable the composite will be. It is helpful to imagine a wire screen that is interwoven with another screen at an angle, and another at a slightly different angle, and so on, with each wire in each screen made of carbon fiber strands. Now imagine this mesh of screens drenched in liquid plastic, and then pressed or heated until the material fuses together. The angle of the weave, as well as the resin used with the fiber, will determine the strength of the overall composite. The resin is most commonly epoxy, but can also be thermoplastic, polyurethane, vinyl ester, or polyester. DaveAlan/E/Getty Images Alternatively, a mold may be cast and the carbon fibers applied over it. The carbon fiber composite is then allowed to cure, often by a vacuum process. In this method, the mold is used to achieve the desired shape. This technique is preferred for uncomplicated forms that are needed on demand. Carbon fiber material has a wide range of applications, as it can be formed at various densities in limitless shapes and sizes. Carbon fiber is often shaped into tubing, fabric, and cloth, and can be custom-formed into any number of composite parts and pieces. Common Uses of Carbon Fiber High-end automobile componentsBicycle framesFishing rodsShoe solesBaseball batsProtective cases for laptops and iPhones The Apollo IE hypercar. Martyn Lucy/Getty Images   More exotic uses can be found in the: Aeronautics and aerospace industriesOil and gas industryUnmanned aerial vehiclesSatellitesFormula-1 race cars Some would argue, though, that the possibilities for carbon fiber are limited only by demand and the manufacturer’s imagination. Now, it’s even common to find carbon fiber in: Musical instrumentsFurnitureArtStructural elements of buildingsBridgesWind turbine blades   gilaxia/Getty Images If carbon fiber could be said to have any detractions, it would be production cost. Carbon fiber is not easily mass-produced and is therefore very expensive. A carbon fiber bicycle will easily run in the thousands of dollars, and its use in automotive is still limited to exotic racing cars. Carbon fiber is popular in these items and others are due to its weight-to-strength ratio and its resistance to flame, so much so that there is a market for synthetics that look like carbon fiber. However, imitations are often only partially carbon fiber or simply plastic made to look like carbon fiber. This occurs often in after-market protective casings for computers and other small consumer electronics. The upside is that carbon fiber parts and products, if not damaged, will almost literally last forever. This makes them a good investment for consumers, and also keeps products in circulation. For example, if a consumer is not willing to pay for a set of brand new carbon fiber golf clubs, there is a chance those clubs will be pop up on the secondary used market. Carbon fiber is often confused with fiberglass, and while there are similarities in manufacturing and some crossover in end products like furniture and automobile moldings, they are different. Fiberglass is a polymer that is reinforced with woven strands of silica glass rather than carbon. Carbon fiber composites are stronger, while fiberglass has more flexibility. And, both have various chemical compositions that make them better suited for different applications. Recycling carbon fiber is very difficult. The only available method for complete recycling is a process called thermal depolymerization, wherein the carbon fiber product is superheated in an oxygen-free chamber. The freed carbon can then be secured and reused, and whatever bonding or reinforced material that was used (epoxy, vinyl, etc.) is burned away. Carbon fiber can also be broken down manually at lower temperatures, but the resulting material will be weaker due to the shortened fibers, and thus likely not to be used in its most ideal application. For example, a large piece of tubing that is no longer being used may be split up, and the remaining parts used for computer casings, briefcases or furniture. Carbon fiber is an incredibly useful material used in composites, and it will continue to grow manufacturing market share. As more methods of producing carbon fiber composites economically are developed, the price will continue to fall, and more industries will take advantage of this unique material.

News Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

News Analysis - Essay Example A tabloid newspaper will have celebrity gossip on the front or cover page while a quality publication will have political news or news about a scandal on its front page. Different newspaper publications focus on different conventions (Bignall, 2007, p. 19). As a result, it is vital to decipher the signage within a news story across a range of news publications (Culler, 2011, p. 21). The aim of this exercise is to analyze the different codes and their effects on the perceived meaning of a story. This essay will analyze three newspapers: the Daily Mail, Daily Mirror and The Times. The story that will be studied focuses on a meeting between French President Nicolas Sarkozy and British Prime Minister David Cameron at a summit in 2012. National publications carried the story the following day, on February 18. 2012. In the Daily Mail, the story was reported by Daniel Martin under the title, â€Å"Le Snub Forgiven and Forgotten as Cameron cosies up to Sarko and Backs Him for French Election†. Tom McTague of the Daily Mirror reported the story under the title, â€Å"The Reservoir Duds: Cameron, Clegg and Hague Play the Toff Guys at French Summit†. The Times had a heading that read, â€Å"A pat on the back and lots of handshakes as the entente gets embarrassingly cordial†. This story is important because the newspapers covered the story from different perspectives. The three newspapers demonstrate the interpretations of publication news conventions. Two months before the two leaders met, President Sarkozy expressed his reservations towards David Cameron because he vetoed a European Treaty for dealing with the financial crisis. The financial crisis was hurting a number of European economies. The President refused to acknowledge Cameron, and the two leaders could not shake hands (McTague, 2012, p. 1). The second meeting during the Paris summit was a makeup exercise as the two leaders hugged and talked freely. In my opinion, the story would have been front page news had

Global virtual sales team Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Global virtual sales team - Research Paper Example They are functioning to better comprehend the competencies that defines their global leadership strengths. Another challenge lies in the numerous strategies they are implementing. They are unsure which strategy would lead to successful outcomes in attempts to form global teams. Thus, it is a trial and error practice (Virtual teams, 2). The final challenge revolves around the issue of getting those in remote areas engaged. Most remote areas cannot enable the installation of technologies that global team’s use. Hence, people in the grassroots are constantly being left behind regarding virtual team recruitment and training. Accurate information from the rural areas has been rendered useless because it cannot be presented to the top management. The ultimate result is that investors besides some stakeholders cannot access the information. Recruitment and training of virtual teams can be done using online advertisement. One can be recruited when he or she clicks on the website. Ther eafter; they are trained on how to use virtual tools like teleconferencing or video tapes. With each member of the virtual team being in a position to use virtual tools, they can easily be managed by logging in and participation during virtual meetings. Enhancement in information technology eases data to easily avail in virtual teams. This step made it easy to train and educates virtual teams. For example, software for analytical presentation has made it easy for data to be easily availed (Sarah, 1). The software allows data to be presented instantly by using either the web or an intranet. This software also allows complex analyses to be calculated. This software is very useful during recruitment and training of people within the virtual team. Sales in virtual teams are achieved by the use of telemarketing. With a sales team that is effective, evaluating sales is made much easy. This is because the teams have experience on how to manage data related to sales despite their geographic al location. This is done with constant links with the top managers. When to hold virtual meetings among virtual team is an open issue. This is because it depends on the team characteristics. This includes the nature of sales and so on. Virtual meetings can be held at least once a month. However, if there is an urgent issue that needs to be addressed; the frequency increases... This is because there are a lot of uncertainties in the business environment which should be addressed as they arise (Marian, 2). Teleconferencing is one way in which virtual meetings can be held. Teleconferencing offers many advantages. One of them is that people participate regardless where one is. This means that travel expenses are not incurred. With efficient planning, virtual meetings have turned to be successful. The use of video feeds to conduct virtual meetings is also useful. All these methods of virtual meetings need a proper plan to ensure that all succeeds. The same skills that are used in non vi rtual meetings are applicable in virtual meetings. This also demonstrates that conducting virtual meetings is such a simple task. The first and most important step when leading a virtual team is to adequately equip them with the desired tools and skills. Thereafter, building interaction among the team members would be necessary. The rights skills are useful in creating balance between the social skills and technology interface... As a

Marks of a Healthy Church Essay Example for Free

Marks of a Healthy Church Essay Introduction In the New Testament, the church can be referred to as the â€Å"local† church or the â€Å"universal† church. The local church is a place where assemblies of believers come together at a particular location and time. The universal church refers to the body of Christ. Many churches believe that they are healthy because they have a certain number of people on their membership roll. Healthy churches measure their spirituality according to God’s Word. This paper seeks to convey that healthy churches are measured in spiritual terms versus numerical terms; follow biblical instead of cultural patterns of ministry; are based on theological instead of sociological foundations; focus on ministry not a marketing model; and adopt scriptural not secular models of leadership. This will be done by examining Kenneth Gangel’s discussion on the different marks that can be used to gauge a healthy church in his article â€Å"The Marks of a Healthy Church.† Brief Summary According to Kenneth Gangel, in his article â€Å"The Marks of a Healthy Church,† he seeks to â€Å"explain the characteristics of a healthy church using the measurements of the spiritual, biblical, theological, ministry model, and scriptural model of leadership.† To accomplish this Gangel cautions spiritual leaders not to get caught up in measuring church growth in numerical terms. They should accentuate the holiness and sovereignty of God through Bible study, worship, prayer, praise, and fellowship. In following biblical instead of cultural patterns, churches do not feel compelled to stay â€Å"up with the times† or get hooked on religious fads and slogans. Churches should not push alot of programs and believe that they are right just because they are successful. They would do well to check them and their success against the Word of God. Gangel also wanted spiritual leaders to ensure that they are paying attention to the true vigor or teachings of biblical theology and not get caught up in sociological perceptions of what the church should be. They should seek God’s plans for the church and tune out outside influences. A healthy church seeks to remain spiritually effective by following the ministry model of the â€Å"Great Commission† according to God’s grace, authority, and resources. Churches must never use the marketing or worldly model of seeking resources to accomplish their goals. Spiritual leaders will have trials and be scrutinized; but they should never take on a secular form of leadership in order to deal with these trials. They must pay attention to the essential functions of guiding and leading a healthy church. Critical Interaction Gangel has taken an in depth approach to explaining what constitutes a healthy church. He seeks to make clear that spiritual leaders have to use a biblical approach to assessing church growth or a healthy church. Some of the theological issues that I have found to be at stake in the article are the beliefs that church growth is an indication that the church is growing according to what God has mandated for the church. Church growth should always be evaluated to ensure that the growth is occurring for the right or biblical reasons. The other theological issue is making sure that the spiritual leader and the church are not conforming to the world and its way of doing things. The Bible is the road map that has been given to the spiritual leaders and the church to ensure that they do not go wrong or spiritually off course. Gangel’s opinion that the church should not get caught up on spiritual fads and slogans is backed by John F. MacArthur’s warning that the abandonment of the scriptures as a regulatory principle has opened the church to some of the most detestable of abuses. These abuses include bringing in secular artist into worship services, a sideshow with a carnival theme, and wrestling shows. Gangel is prompted to write about this subject because he was noticed and read about churches hinging their spiritual health on numerical terms of growth instead of biblical terms. His goal is to enlighten and warn the church to make sure they are using biblical measurements in determining the spiritual health of the church. The author has done an exceptional job in proving his thesis, that there are biblical marks or measurements of a healthy church. Gangel’s key strengths in this article are the five biblical marks that he has used to compare to the secular tenants that society likes to use. As he was explaining the five biblical marks of a healthy church, I wish he would have addressed what happens to a church that follows the tenets of society. Conclusion This paper has critiqued the article â€Å"Marks of a Healthy Church.† The author’s discussion in this article clearly lets us know that church should use caution when it comes to evaluating its growth. The marks that should be used to assess the health of the church are spiritual, biblical, theological, ministry model, and scriptural model of leadership. Everything that the church does should be checked by the Word of God. After reading this article, someone may make the claim that the church should do what it has to in order to reach the unbeliever. In my opinion, we as believers are not to let down our beliefs in what God has commanded us to do in order to reach an unbeliever. By all means, we can use Godly tools to witness to them where they are. Selected Bibliography Enns, Paul.The Moody Handbook of Theology.Revised and Expanded. Chicago, IL: Moody Publishers, 2008. Gangel, Kenneth O. 2001. â€Å"Marks of a Healthy Church.†Bibliotheca Sacra,no.158 vol.632 (October December). http://galaxie.com/article/5724 (accessed October 15, 2012). MacArthur, John F., â€Å"How Shall We Then Worship?† in The Coming Evangelical Crisis,ed. David Wells (Chicago: Moody, 1996), 181 [ 2 ]. Paul Enns, The Moody handbook of Theology, Revised and Expanded (Chicago, IL: Moody Publishers, 2008), 257 [ 3 ]. Gangel, Kenneth O. 2001. Marks of a Healthy Church. Bibliotheca Sacra 9, no.28 vol. 632 (October December). http://www.galaxie.com/article/5724 (accessed October 15, 2012). [ 4 ]. Ibid., 468. [ 5 ]. Ibid., 469. [ 6 ]. Gangel, 470. [ 7 ]. Ibid., 474 [ 8 ]. Ibid. [ 9 ]. Enns, 359-360. [ 10 ]. MacArthur, John F., â€Å"How Shall We Then Worship?† in The Coming Evangelical Crisis, ed. David Wells (Chicago: Moody, 1996), 181 [ 11 ]. Gangel, 467-468. [ 12 ]. Ibid.

Free Death of a Salesman Essays: Four Characters :: Death of a Salesman

Death Of A Salesman: Four Characters The play "Death Of A Salesman" , the brainchild of Arthur Miller was transformed and fitted to the movie screen in the year 1986. The play itself is set in the house of Willy Loman, and tells the melancholy story of a salesman whom is in deep financial trouble, and the only remedy for the situation is to commit suicide. In the stage production of this tale, the specific lighting, set, and musical designs really give the story a strong undertow of depression. And logically the screen and stage productions both differ greatly in regards to the mood they set. Moreover the movie production can do many things that just cannot be done on stage, with reference to the setting of course. To generalize, the play gives us a good hard look at the great American Dream failing miserably. However the combination of both the stage and screen productions accurately depict the shortcomings of the capitalist society.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Death of a Salesman specifically focuses on four characters, the first being the main character Willy Loman, his wife Linda, and their two sons Hap and Biff Loman. As mentioned, the focal point of this play is Willy Loman, a salesman in his early sixties. Throughout the story we are told the hard life, emotions and triumphs of Willy the salesman. Early in the play we learn that he has recently been demoted to working for commission, which later in the play,(on par with his luck) translates into Willy getting fired. As the plot unfolds we discover that Willy had a rich brother who recently died named Ben, whom Willy looked upon with great admiration for becoming extremely wealthy and the ripe old age of 21. However Willy also becomes very depressed when Ben leaves, the fact being that he re-realizes the meagerness of his own life, and that he is still making payments on all of his possessions. Willy then comprehends that bye the time his worldly possessions are paid forà ¢â‚¬ ¦they shall no longer be of any use. For example, the Loman house has become virtually unnecessary now that the two sons have moved out. It isn't until after Willy's death that the final mortgage payment is made†¦.for a house with no one inside it. The one example of this statement is given by Linda during the final paragraph of the play,

How hard is hardware disease

As a husbandman is walking through his field one forenoon, he spots a small spot of rusty woven wire that has been knocked from the fencing. He keeps walking by and does non believe anything else of the woven wire piece. Why would he? It ‘s merely a small piece of metal right, no harm will be done ; he can ever pick it back up the following clip he comes through? Wrong, metal, of any sort that has been left out in the field with farm animal is a danger to the animate being every bit good as the husbandman. This is because the animate being could perchance devour the metal and contract what many carnal scientists know as hardware disease. Hardware disease can strike any ruminant at any clip after the metal is consumed. If the metal is in the right topographic point at the incorrect clip the husbandman loses his farm animal. The proprietor needs to be cognizant of the definition, marks, intervention and bar of hardware disease for their animate beings. Some inquiries that a husba ndman may hold when raising cowss and worrying about hardware disease can be how will this impact the cowss that are raised? Will the animate being ‘s public presentation go down? How dearly-won is this disease? How fast can the carnal be affected by the disease? Is it treatable? How can the husbandman prevent hardware disease? Does the disease affect cowss that are a certain age, or does it count? When it comes to hardware disease many persons are non truly certain what it is. Hardware disease in layperson ‘s footings can be classified as a disease where the animate being ingests a metal object into their Reticulum. Once the metal gets into the Reticulum, it becomes difficult to free and will frequently clip remain at that place in the cow until it dies of natural causes. Sometimes though, the bovine that ingests metal will hold a serious job really fast. The animate being, if the hardware does acquire lodged into the Reticulum has a opportunity in puncturing the Reticulum. If this does go on of class the animate being will hold some kind of infection Oklahoman or subsequently. The animate being could besides decease, rapidly. Harmonizing to the University of Missouri frequently times hardware disease is caused by any signifier of a crisp object that makes its manner through the tummy wall and finds its manner to the bosom ( UoM 1993 ) . Once the cowss ingest the foreign object, normally something like a nail or a little piece of wire that is left after a fencing occupation, it may happen its manner to the bosom therefore killing the animate being in a painful mode ( UoM 1993 ) . More frequently than non you can normally happen the object in the chamber of the tummy known as the Reticulum ( UoM 1993 ) . The Reticulum is the portion of the cow ‘s tummy that is like a baseball baseball mitt it catches all of the foreign stuff that should non travel through a cow ‘s enteric system but allows feed to go through through ( UoM 1993 ) . Once the cow moves or does something to do any type of musculus contraction the foreign object may be forced through the wall which may do incursion to the stop and or bosom pouch ( UoM 1993 ) . Hardware disease is the common name for traumatic gastritis and traumatic reticulates. Cattles that have traumatic gastritis are classified into three groups, sub-acute local, chronic and acute diffuse type. As of right now there are two types of intervention for traumatic gastritis conservative and rumenotomy. A cow that has acute diffuse peritoneal inflammation has a really high opportunity of being fatal, but if it is treated with antibiotics through an intra-peritoneal injection may hold a little opportunity of recovery ( Yoshida 1984 ) . Traumatic reticulates is normally found in older cowss where a piece of foreign object penetrates the wall of the Reticulum during the remastication procedure ( Traumatic Reticulitis 2007 ) . Following infections spread along the object to countries around the venters, bring forthing abscess and adhesions, in some instances the object will travel through the thorax leting for there to be abscess in the thorax, and during terrible instances the i nfection goes to the exterior of the bosom. ( Traumatic Reticulitis 2007 ) But some still refer to its scientific name of Traumatic reticuloperitionitis, and is really non a disease at all. Harmonizing to Oregon State, and West Virginia University, Hardware disease is a mechanical hurt to the Reticulum that is caused when a bovine ingest crisp metal objects such as nails, prison guards, and little pieces of wire ( OSU 2009, WVU ) . Basically, the animate being will consume the metal out in a field or in a hay bale. For hardware disease to take impact the animate being has to consume the metal. Although, the animate being can consume crisp fictile objects every bit good as crisp stones or other objects and hardware disease will be the consequence. Basically, anything that is difficult, crisp and pointy could perforate through the animate being and cause hardware disease. The Merck Veterinary Manual explains it like this, when cowss ingest spots of foreign objects in the signifier of nail, wire, plastic, or anything else that can puncture a hole in the side o f the Reticulum. The objects move into the Reticulum or are able to steal yesteryear and move into the first stomachs. They are so pushed over the ruminoreticular crease by contractions. The objects end up in the reticulo-omasal opening is where the foreign object tends to incorporate heavier objects located in the Reticulum, while form object frequently get stuck in the honeycomb-like reticulas mucous membrane traps ( Merck Veterinary Manual 2008 ) . The University of Missouri extended services states that 55 to 75 per centum of cowss slaughtered in the eastern portion of the United States were found to hold hardware in their system. ( UoM 1993 ) It is a admiration that non all cowss have a job with hardware disease. This merely concludes that hardware may be in the system of the cowss but non bring forth any harm to the digestive piece of land. This is no ground for the husbandman non to clean up his Fieldss. There is ever a opportunity that the cowss will non hold a job, but so once more there is ever a opportunity that there will. No 1 should take the opportunity like that with their animate beings. For the cow, when it ingests a foreign object the actions that the tummy takes may coerce the object through the Reticulum wall ( Thomas 1998 ) . The danger of this is that one time the foreign object such as a nail, piece of wire or even a form stone makes its manner through the wall it has a high opportunity of puncturing a critical organ ( Thomas 1998 ) . When it comes to seeing marks of hardware disease it depends on the topographic point that the object penetrates. During the early phases of hardware disease, during the first twenty-four hours the Reticulum has been penetrated, the symptoms may be confused as sings of dyspepsia and in a grain provender carnal ague saccharide overload ( Thomas 1998 ) . Any animate being that goes through dyspepsia is unwilling to eat or make much of anything, irrespective of the cause. A few of the most common marks that you will see are the animate being will be in a hurting and besides the animate being will non hold an appetency ( UA ) . The animate being will besides stand with an arched dorsum or be unwilling to walk ( WVUE ) . All in all, the animate being will be in uncomfortableness. Besides, when the cow may be forced to walk you can frequently hear it doing a grunting sound. This is because the animate being is in hurting. If the object somehow penetrates around the bosom and happens to migrate forward that it will do an infection that is most frequently fatal. The infection will happen merely if the animate being does non decease instantly. The University of Missouri explains, the redness will annoy the pneumogastric nervus, the pneumogastric nervus controls the first stomachs contractions and the pneumogastric disturbs this action. When the pneumogastric nervus is irritated the consequence is bloat, these symptoms may lessen and even disappear within on e to seven yearss, but may reoccur shortly afterwards. ( UoM 1993 ) . Another mark that may be present in the cow is when you look at the jugular channel you are able to see the vena ( WVUE ) . When seeking to calculate out whether or non it is really hardware disease, the diagnosing is made on observations of any of the clinical marks above. There is non a 100 per centum guaranteed that it is hardware because there are so many other diseases that are present with the same marks. All in all a withers trial can be done by squashing the anchor of the cow merely above the withers to see if the carnal oinks. This shows that the hurting is located in that front half of the cow ( WVUE ) . In cowss, â€Å" if peritoneal inflammation is terrible, the animate being may decease within a twosome of yearss † ( Thomas 1998 ) . If the cow has chronic peritoneal inflammation than it you may non see the symptoms for months but the animate being will be in changeless uncomfortableness ( Thomas 1998 ) . Therefore, if hardware disease is happening the animate being in inquiry may merely non be making so good but hardware disease is a an error because it is non seeable, which should be followed by an scrutiny by an veterinarian ( Thomas 1998 ) . It is much easier to forestall any kind of disease instead than handling it or seeking to bring around it. It is besides non merely easy but cheaper in the long tally to forestall the diseases. The easiest manner to forestall hardware disease is make certain that you pick up each and every piece of metal that is out in the field, that includes every nail that you drop while nailing up boards, every piece of barb-wire that you cut off, every bit good as the little nuts and bolts that everybody tends to drop. The figure one bar method revolves around the direction of the eating and croping countries to avoid the consumption of foreign objects. If grazing lands are managed right for feeding and graze, the husbandman should ne'er hold to worry about their carnal acquiring hardware disease. There is plentifulness of information available on the cyberspace and in veterinary offices. There is besides adequate information available from the local extension office every bit good as several bo oks to forestall about any curable or treatable disease. Companies are besides assisting out with the job of hardware disease by seting magnets in provender Millss and eatage harvest home equipment, although these are non 100 per centum they help. Metal is non the lone object that the cowss will consume, they will on occasion consume fictile point therefore a magnet will non because it will non be able to maintain the point in one topographic point ( WVUE ) . As everybody knows we can non alter the eating wonts of cowss, so accordingly we have to happen other methods of maintain the metal fro harming the farm animal. One method that works is to infix a magnet in to the cow at an early age, the metal that is eaten will more than probably happen its manner to the magnet and halt there and travel no farther. The magnet is merely able to make so much so if the cow is demoing marks of hardware disease so it would be necessary to infix another magnet. The magnets are reasonably inexpensiv e and will assist out in the long tally. They merely cost about two to five dollars and if you are able to acquire them back from the slaughter house they are even cheaper. Magnets are a batch less in expensive than the cost of surgery ( WVUE ) . With any disease, the bar of the certain disease is a batch cheaper than the cost of surgery or intervention. The easiest thing to make for any husbandman is to maintain all metal out of the field and out of range at all times. Cattle should besides be kept off from any building site because they are able to pick up any loose stuff that finds its manner into the field and besides they might seek to acquire to things that are on the other side of the fencing when they are running out of eatages in the field that they are in. Any loose stuff that is in or around a field that can do jobs for farm animal should be picked up to forestall any kind of hardware disease job. There have been several documented instances in the universe for cowss that have had jobs with hardware disease. In 1999 Rancher Janie Easterbrook claims that the contact that her cowss had with a lodging development caused them to acquire hardware disease. She told the newsman that spots of metal can remain in the tummy for a long clip before they do any harm. Hardware disease can strike at any clip and all it takes is emphasis or anything that causes the tummy to contract. In the cowss happenings such as, gestation will travel the metal object through the wall, along with tummy contractions and external respiration. The cow could be traveling the right manner at the incorrect clip to do the metal in the Reticulum to be a job. The necropsy studies on her last three cattles, listed the cause of decease to be hardware disease. Easterbrook stated that since she had been raising cowss in 1993 she had ne'er lost a cow to hardware disease ( Buckly ) . Let ‘s take for case that cow an grownup cow cost around 1500 dollars and a calf cost around 600 dollars. In a herd of 100 cattles and 50 calves if you lose 6 cattles and 3 calves so you are losing over 10 thousand dollars due to a disease that is non truly a disease. In any instance, even if merely one cow in your herd of 100 dies, that is still one cow excessively many. It is about absurd at the proprietor ‘s ignorance if the carnal gets hardware disease. There is excessively much information available online and in any carnal related office non to be cognizant of th is disease. Once the proprietor is cognizant of the disease, it is improbably easy to forestall it. If you are non able to forestall your cowss from acquiring hardware disease so the following best thing is intervention. The best thing for you to make in fixing you cattle for hardware disease is to believe as if your cow has hardware disease. This means puting a magnet in the cowss ‘s bow tummy. ( WVUE ) Besides harmonizing to the University of Missouri, another intervention is to put the front pess of the cow on a platform someplace about 6 to 8 inches off the land as this may halt the foreign object from traveling frontward ( UoM 1993 ) This method of intervention takes approximately 10 to 20 yearss, besides the husbandman should administrate antibiotics to will maintain the spread of infection down ( UoM 1993 ) . There is a 20 to 30 percent addition of recovery when you are able to catch hardware disease early ; unlike if you let it travel untreated there is an 80 – 90 per centum opportunity of decease. ( MVM 2008 ) Another intervention is surgery called rumenotomy which means that you have to manually take to object or objects, besides the physician needs to look for abscess on the Reticulum so that they can be opened up and drained back into the Reticulum ( MVM 2008 ) . If the bovine does hold this process done, at least some signifier of antibiotics need to be administered ( MVM 2008 ) . The veterinary intervention for hardware disease includes the usage of an anti-bacterial to command the redness of the peritoneal inflammation and besides a magnet is given to halt it from go oning once more ( MVM 2008 ) . Like many husbandmans may cognize, Penicillin is a really effectual antibiotic. It is inexpensive and easy to administrate and can be really effectual against hardware disease. Cows that are affected, like any animate being that has a disease or enfeebling upset should be placed off from the remainder of the herd for at least 1 to 2 hebdomads ( MVM 2008 ) . The cow needs to be kept comfy every bit much as possible and by all agencies, dem ands to hold the hazard of deeper incursion cut down. When handling for hardware disease, the usage of unwritten or Four fluids should be administered whenever they are needed to maintain the carnal healthy during this clip ( MVM 2008 ) . The IV fluids will maintain the cow from acquiring dehydrated, besides if the animate being is unable to eat during this clip and unable to ruminate, the IV fluids will be of aid. With IV fluids, about anything can be placed in them, like electrolytes and other beginnings of foods to maintain the carnal alive. In some cases, the cow may profit from first stomachs vaccination ( MVM 2008 ) . This is good because first stomachs vaccination can help with the loss of normal vegetations and ruminal stasis in the intestine ( MVM 2008 ) . With cowss that have more of a terrible instance of hardware disease, instances that will be you more in the long tally if you try to handle them necessitate to be looked at through an economic point of view, if the cow h as no value so they should be sent off to butcher if they are able to go through the review that a batch of slaughter houses have ( MVM 2008 ) . The proprietor must retrieve if a bovine of all time gets into this muss, that it is wholly 100 % preventable. Picking up wire and other metal pieces will extinguish the hazard of the cowss acquiring this disease in your herd. If any cow in your herd were to acquire hardware disease the proprietor must cognize the forecast for the animate being if they opt to handle them. Any proprietor who has an animate being that is sick in any manner needs to cognize the hazards of the intervention and of the complaint it has. For any disease the definition of forecast is the idea of what the result might be in the terminal ( UoM 1993 ) . Hardware disease, for the animate being ‘s forecast, it differs from each animate being as no 2 are every truly the same ( UoM 1993 ) . The proprietor and veterinarian, when make up one's minding to handle an animate being with hardware disease ; needs to find how long the status has been present so that they can do a proper intervention program ( UoM 1993 ) . Like any animate being, the badness of the disease will change among the person. A good, accurate veterinary will see everything before doing the concluding determination ( UoM 1993 ) . A veterinarian or an proprietor that merely goes in handling the cow without doing an accurate diagnosing will more frequently than non run up a good sized vet measure and could do the animate being more jobs. By and large, when handling hardware disease, the forecast for the animate being is pretty decent. The major point of this disease that keeps being repeated is that hardware disease is wholly preventable. More frequently than non, the proprietor is wholly incognizant that the animate being could contract hardware disease. A field that looks all nice and green without weeds and is clean will be thought to be less likely to do such a disease. When proprietors and other people think of hardware disease and how it is caused, many can visualize a field that is cluttered with metal and any type of debris available on the land to be picked up. Even though a field does non hold metal cluttered all over does non intend that there is some at that place. William claude dukenfields need to be check exhaustively before seting cowss in the field, or any animate being for that affair. If the husbandman does look into the Fieldss before the farm animal are put in at that place, so more frequently than non, the farm animal will populate and bring forth for many old ages to come. Another thing any manufacturer needs to be cognizant of is all the informational benefits they have. A husbandman can travel on-line anyplace in the state and happen information on hardware disease, every bit good as other diseases. If the husbandman is unable to acquire on-line to seek these diseases, the local veterinary and extension agent should hold more than adequate information on the disease. If all else fails, the manufacturer can happen information in books and diaries and magazines. With a small cleanliness in the Fieldss and around the feeding countries cowss should hold a smaller opportunity of acquiring hardware disease. So the following clip you are sauntering through a field and see a little piece of metal, no affair how little it is, retrieve, you could salvage your farm animal ‘s life and salvage you several 100s, if non 1000s of dollars in veterinary measures.Plants CitedBarringer, Sam. Hardware Disease [ Internet ] . [ Cited 2009 Nov 12 ] Available from: hypertext transfer p rotocol: //www.caf.wvu.edu/~forage/hwaredis/hwaredis.htmuckly, Thomas. Hardware Disease is ranking rural Ranchers [ Internet ] . [ Updated 1999 Sep 9 ; Cited 2009 Nov 12 ] . Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.press-enterprise.com/newsarchive/1999/09/25/938237021.htmlGadberry Shane, Jeremy Powell. Nutritional Disorder in Beef Cattle [ Internet ] . University of Arkansas [ Cited 2009 Nov 11 ] . Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/PDF/FSA-3071.pdfMerck Veterinary Manual [ Internet ] . Merck & A ; Co inc. [ Updated 2008 ; Cited 2009 Nov 8 ] . Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp? cfile=htm/bc/21706.htmMoseley, Bonnard L. Hardware Disease of Cattle [ Internet ] . University of Missouri [ Updated 1993 ; Cited 2009 Nov 12 ] . Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //extension.missouri.edu/publications/DisplayPub.aspx? P=G7700Thomas, Heather Smith. Hardware in Cattle [ Inter net ] Oliver Del Signore [ Updated 1998 ; Cited 2009 Nov 17 ] . Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.countrysidemag.com/issues/93/93-6/hardware_in_cattle.htmlTorell Ron, David Thian. Back to Basicss: Hardware Disease [ Internet ] . Oregon State University Extension Service [ Updated 2009 Oct ; Cited 2009 Nov 9 ] . Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //extension.oregonstate.edu/malheur/sites/default/files/LS_October09.pdfTraumatic Reticulates [ Internet ] . National Animal disease information service [ Updated 2007 ; Cited 2009 Nov 9 ] . Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.thecattlesite.com/diseaseinfo/241/traumatic-reticulitis-wireYoshida Yasuyuki. Total and differential leucocyte counts of Traumatic Gastritis Classified under three types in Dairy Cows [ Internet ] . [ Updated 1986 Sep 10 ; Cited 2009 Nov 7 ] . Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //rms1.agsearch.agropedia.affrc.go.jp/contents/JASI/pdf/society/38-2608.pdf

Expository Essay on Exercise and Obesity Essay

Some say that a decreased amount of sleep time can be associated with the increase of body fat. Insomnia or sleep apnea or even RLS (restless sleep syndrome) are just three out of many different types serious sleep that can also in fact lead to all kinds of increased risk several other chronic health problems. Multiple studies have explained the sudden impulse of these sleep disorders and the links its shares on obesity, these are very important links in contemplating the relationship between sleep disorders obesity. Physical fitness and good eating habits are important prognostic tools in obesity and chronic disease; there are several studies that have examined the likeness between obesity, sleep disorders, and exercise. It also explains how different sleep disorders may impact the physical fitness regimen responses and how extremely overweight may impact lifestyles of the patients with regard to sleep disorders will also be reviewed. (Hargens, 2013) (Nature & Science of sleep. 2013 Vol 5 p,27-35. 9p. The explanation to these issues include better understanding of the medical community, However, it does still remain brainless about these ailment processes of work out and sleep destitute patients. For the most part doctors recommend medications with side effects that include insomnia and weight gain instead of giving out information to their patients that help them to get better standard of living improvement. This often entails exceptional doctors’ with outstanding management such as medication with no negative side effects. [ (hargens, 2013) ] Many studies have established the link between sleep deficiency and both obesity and even the illness called diabetes. By getting a good work out may improve sleep destitute patients and their daily functions, additionally to gaining weight and metabolism function. Obesity has been a main part in the connection with SC and DC in women, and DC in men. (Grandner) April 24 2013 The resolution to these issues contain better understanding of the health community, However, it does still continues to be dense about these ailment process of obesity. exercise and sleep destitute patients.

Seizing the New Day essays

Seizing the New Day essays Jenkins, Wilbert L. Seizing the New Day: African Americans in Post-Civil War Charleston. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1998. The end of the Civil War may have ended the institution of slavery, but this emancipation did not necessarily mean that African Americans in post-Civil War Charleston, South Carolina, experienced an unrivalled freedom. Actually, Wilbert Jenkins shows that the black communitys experience was far from certain in the aftermath of the Civil War. In Seizing the New Day: African Americans in Post Civil War Charleston, Jenkins asserts that Charleston blacks, using their wits and their determination, took an active role in the new social order, attempting to shape it to their own needs and purposes (xv-xvi). Ultimately, while he perhaps fails to treat a few possible avenues by which the Charleston African American community grasped their newfound freedom, he provides an informative and compelling account of the extent to which many former slaves went to bring about the new, promised social order. The primary strength of Jenkinss analysis lies in his ability to demonstrate the agency with which the African American community in Charleston actively sought their freedom-socially, politically, and economically. Relying on newspapers, travelogues, census data, and church records, he clearly illustrates, with example after example, the ways in which blacks asserted their freedom. After a brief discussion of an African American experience of slavery, he attempts to describe their participation in the new social order throughout the entirety of the Reconstruction period. Whether celebrating emancipation, striving for economic independence, struggling for an education comparable to that of whites, endeavoring to build a united black community, creating a new religious climate, or fighting for freedom, Charlestons African American population was, as ably shown by Jenkins, activ...

Je Suis Intress(e) Dans French Mistake

Je Suis Intress(e) Dans French Mistake A common mistake when learning French is to use the phrase je suis  intà ©ressà ©(e)  dans to mean I am interested in. This is a tricky one because students translate literally and it doesnt work in French for many reasons. Use PAR (Not Dans) We say je suis intà ©ressà ©(e) PAR blablabla. Je suis intà ©ressà ©(e) par le cinà ©ma.Im interested in cinema. But it gets more complicated than that... In French, you could also say sintà ©resser Je mintà ©sse au cinà ©maIm interested in cinema You Must Flip Your Sentence Around Both these translations are fine grammatically. But its unlikely a French person would use these constructions at all. We would flip our sentence around. Le cinà ©ma mintà ©resse.Im interested in cinema Etre Intress = To Have Hidden Motives Watch out that à ªtre intà ©ressà © - followed by nothing can also be a way to describe someone who has hidden motives, bad intentions... Like someone who does something that looks genuine but has hidden reasons. Il prà ©tend à ªtre son ami, mais en fait il est intà ©ressà © (par... son argent par exemple).He pretends to be his friend but in reality, he is after something (his money for example).

The Effects of Global Warming on the United States and Sudan Essay

The Effects of Global Warming on the United States and Sudan - Essay Example Global warming has similar negative effects on human rights issues because of its impacts on health and water and food security in the U.S. and Sudan, but Sudan experiences a different negative effect of potentially greater conflict because of the scarcity of basic needs. The history of human rights in Sudan and the U.S. are dissimilar in values because they have different human rights conditions. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights provides basic guidelines for all nations regarding the establishment and protection of equal human rights. The U.S. has a Constitution and Bill of Rights that aim to promote basic human rights, as well as access to civil and political freedoms. After the Civil Rights Movement, equality laws and other laws reinforced equality and banned discrimination of any form. The U.S. also has a vision of environmental justice that is essential to environmental rights. In 1994, President Bill Clinton issued Executive Order 12898 that mandated federal agencies to pursue environmental justice (Dawson 326). Six years afterwards, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued instructions for the state agencies, so that they can handle environmental justice lawsuits (Dawson 326). This movement declined under the Bush administrati on because of the dominance of business interests, while Obama returned the importance of environmental concerns (Dawson 326). Based on the history of human rights and environmental issues in the U.S., it has been a series of ups and downs on the basis of environmental rights, although basic rights and freedoms are relatively stable since human rights and freedoms are instituted through equality and other similar laws. The U.S. generally supports the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Sudan, on the opposite, experiences a troubled human rights history. Human rights in Sudan became harder to access since 2012 because of the

Tuberculosis infection rates as a global and local public health issue Essay

Tuberculosis infection rates as a global and local public health issue - Essay Example To achieve this end, the partnership has undertaken a multi-faceted approach. The main mission objectives are to stop the spread of TB, to lessen the social and economical cost of TB, and to develop and implement new methods and ways to diagnose, prevent and treat TB. The partnership targets to reduce the occurrence and death rate of TB by 50% by the year 2015 relative to 1990 estimates. Another target is to have the world free from TB by the year 2050 (Actions for Life: Towards a world free of tuberculosis, 2006). To achieve this dream, the Stop TB Partnership developed a Global Plan to Stop TB in the year 2006. The proper implementation is expected to save about 14 million lives, provide treatment for 50 million people, and offer better access to diagnosis and treatment for everyone. The Plan identifies the challenges in achieving this target and has developed seven working groups to address the challenges directly. The TB facts As per World Health Organisation reports, one-third o f the world’s population is currently infected with TB bacillus bacteria. According to reports, the number of people who died from TB in the year 2009 is 1.7 million. In addition, as Sharma and Mohan (2004) state, the estimates are that between 2002 and 2020, the number of newly infected people will be about 1,000 million and the number of tuberculosis deaths will be 36 million. As Ewbank and Gribble (1993), and National Research Council (US) Working Group on the Effects of Child Survival and General Health Programs on Morality observe, tuberculosis may be responsible for more deaths than any other single pathogen. In addition, it is found that one-six of the tuberculosis infections happen in people who are infected with HIV (ibid). The WHO aims The World Health Organisation report ‘Global Tuberculosis Control (2010)’ identifies its major targets to reach its goal of 50% reduction of disease by 2015. The targets are diagnosis, notification and treatment of approx imately 7 million cases, a 90% success rate in treatment, 100% detection of HIV in TB patients, providing co-trimoxazole preventive therapy to HIV positive TB patients, testing all previously treated TB patients for MDRTB, those who are identified with MDRTB are provided new treatment according to international guidelines, and to spend US$ 7 billion per year for the purpose, and an additional US$ 1.3 billion on research and development (ibid). Challenges ahead Murray (2006), in American Medical Association, writes about the challenges of tuberculosis control in the present world. The problems identified are divided into five key areas: inefficient diagnostics and treatment, the need for expansion of the World Health Organisation Directly Observed Therapy, short course (DOTS) program, multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB), and HIV co-infection (ibid). In addition, as Boogaard, Kibiki, Kisanga, Boeree, & Aarnoutse (2009) report, the existing diagnostic test- sputum microscopy- ide ntifies only advanced pulmonary TB and the remaining cases go unidentified. In addition, the DOTS strategy developed by World Health Organisation is expensive and labor-intensive, and hence less effective in developing nations (ibid). Now, taking the economic side of the disease into consideration, a study by Grimard and Harline prove that even a 10% fall in the

Search on Mechatronic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Search on Mechatronic - Essay Example Mechatronics may also be referred to as "electromechanical systems" or less often as "control and automation engineering" (Wikipedia, 2007). Mechatronics meant a mechanism that is electrified until the early 1980s. Where as in the mid-1980s, mechatronics came to mean engineering that is the boundary between mechanics and electronics. In this 21st century, the term mechatronics encompasses a large array of technologies. However, each technology still has the basic element of the merging of mechanics and electronics but now it also may involve software and information technology (IEEE/ASME, 1998). For instance, many early robots resulted from mechatronics development. As robot systems became smarter, software development, in addition to the mechanical and electrical systems, became the main focus of mechatronics. To give some of the common examples where mechatronics systems are used include: the design of robots, washing machines, cameras, microwave, motor vehicles, DVD, etc. and other machines where an integrated engineering design is being adopted. Integration involves subjects such as mechanical, electrical, electronics and control engineering. In other words, mechatronics combines together areas of technology that involve sensors and measurement systems, drive and actuation systems, analysis of the behaviour of systems, control systems and microprocessor systems. In general a mechatronic system consists of the following basic items. The product or production process involves a mechanical structure containing actuators (generally it may be a motor to make things move), a microprocessor to control the overall operation of the system, sensors to allow the microprocessor to monitor the state of the system and electronics to connect the other parts together (fig 1). Mechatronics in the 1970s, was concerned by and large with servo technology used in

Ideas about child development

Ideas about child development Three Big Ideas about Child Development that all Teachers and Parents Should Know Understanding child development means that we as carers and parents can understand skills and typical behaviours of children within our care, providing an environment which is nurturing and one that will foster growth. Laura Berk (2000) provides a simple definition of child development; â€Å"a field of study devoted to understanding all aspects of human growth and change from conception through adolescence.† (Berk: 2000, p4). This paper will look at three important theories of child development that you as a teacher or parent should know in order to understand the changes that take place from birth to adulthood. When we talk about child development we refer to three stages called development areas;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Physical development involves the growth and change in a persons body and body functions. In this domain we look at the physiological and motor development as well as the influences of health, illness and nutrition.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Cognitive development refers to the growth and change of a persons ability to process information, solve problems and gain knowledge. In this area we consider the study of brain development, memory, learning, thinking, language and creativity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Social-emotional development involves the growth and change of our interactions with others and our feelings. Included in this area is the study of relationships, emotions, personality and moral development. Whilst we discuss each area of development separately it is important to realise that they do overlap. One domain can influence the other. Interest in the field of child development began early in the 20th-century. (ref) Many theories have been put forward to explain why and how children develop. Theorist Jean Piaget played a major influence on the way we understand children. He explained childrens development in terms of their cognitive development in a theory known as Piagets theory of cognitive development. Piaget believed that children think differently from adults, arguing that its not that children know less than adults but their thinking skills are qualitatively different. (ref) Many of his ideas came from observing his own children. Piaget was convinced that intellect grows through processes he termed assimilation and accommodation. Assimilation refers to using existing mental patterns in new situations. (ref) In accommodation, existing ideas are modified to fit new requirements. Thus, new situations are assimilated to existing ideas, and new ideas are created to accommodate new experiences. In his theory children mature through a series of distinct stages in intellectual development.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Sensorimotor (0-2years): Piaget believed that an infant is born with no way of making sense of the world. Infants use reflexes which act on the world in specific ways so that the child gradually adapts to the world. Motor movements are seen as the basis for the eventual development of intelligence. These slowly become separated from motor activity as the child learns to represent objects, actions and thoughts through play and language. According to Piaget, object permanence emerges during infancy. This relates to the understanding that objects continue to exist even though they are out of sight.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Preoperational (2-7 years): Piaget describes toddlers thinking as illogical. This is due to two main characteristics of their thinking processes; egocentricism and centation. Piaget sees young childrens thinking as egocentric; meaning they can only see things from their point of view. They cannot take into account the ideas or needs of others. Due to their stage of cognitive development their thinking is not yet flexible enough to consider more than one aspect of a given situation. They are now in a stage of self-centred thinking. (ref). Centration is the term Piaget uses to describe young childrens tendency to focus their attention on a single aspect of a situation or object. This is where Piagets experiment for the conservation of volume. This stage of development also describes toddlers having improved memory skills, problem solving skills and begin to understand concepts; for example, words such as ‘big and ‘small, colours and the ability to recite numbers . (ref) As children progress into pre-school, children practise mental representations by using mental imagery and language symbols. (Ref)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Concreter Operational (7-12years): The typical school aged child is entering this stage of development. Children begin to think logically however, they tend to need concrete objects to help them solve problems rather than being able to use abstract ideas. (ref). Piaget would describe the school age child as less egocentric. According to his theory a child is now able to view the world and themselves from other perspectives. (ref) Children at this stage have a longer attention span, a better concept of time and distance and their ability to remember improves.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Formal Operational (12-15years): Children at this stage break away from concrete objects and thinking is based more on abstract principles, such as ‘honour or ‘democracy. (ref). Full adult intellectual ability is attained during this stage. For Piaget, the development of scientific reasoning is the pinnacle of development. (Vialle, Lysaght, and Verenikina: 2008, p55). At this stage older adolescents can comprehend math, physics and other abstract systems. (ref). Some critics have faulted Piagets theory on several grounds but mostly for its vagueness. Some would say that Piagets theory has limited our perception of childrens capabilities- particularly in the pre-school years. (ref). Others may say there has been too much focus on what children cant do rather than what they can. According to Siegler (2004) children continuously gain specific knowledge; they do not undergo stage like leaps in general mental ability. (more) However, Piagets work has encouraged us to see childrens cognitive skills as being different from those of adults. His theory is valuable for understanding how children think. If we understand how children think and learn we can provide a stimulating environment that will support their learning. Using Piagets theory of cognitive development, a teacher or parents role is to provide the stimulation and observe carefully to see when to step in and interact or change experiences (ref). (125 more) While Piaget stressed the role of maturation in cognitive development, Lev Vygotsky focused on the impact of socio-cultural factors. His Socio-cultural theory of cognitive development saw that social interaction and language has a major influence on the development of childrens thinking. Vygotsky places great importance on the tole of significant adults such as teachers, parents and also peers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  The zone of proximal development: Like Piaget, Vygotsky believed that children actively seek to discover new principles. However there is emphasis that many of a childs most important discoveries are guided by these significant adults. (ref). Vygotsky realises that some tasks can be beyond a childs reach. The child is close to having the mental skills needed to do the task, but it may be slightly too complex to be mastered alone. The zone of proximal development means children learn with the guidance and assistance of those within their environment. Parents, teachers or other sensitive caregivers will know that children will need assistance, guiding the child to support them in the learning process. Vygosky argued that childrens thinking is highly influenced by interactions and conversations with other peoples. If we want to understand how children think and learn, Vygotsky proposes that we need to observe them when they are relating with others. (ref). Vygotsky proposed that language plays a critical role in learning. He noted that preschoolers often talk to themselves as they complete activities and tasks. He called this Private speech. According to Vygotsky, private speech enables children to talk through problems (ref). Erik Erikson proposed a theory of development that focuses on the emotional and social aspects of development and how these impact on the overall development of the person from infancy to old age. (ref). He called it a Psychosocial theory of development focusing on the social experiences we have in life that shape our psychological make- up. Erikson was a student of Sigmund Freud and believed that the social interactions an individual experiences has a greater influence on development. (ref). Erikson identified eight stages of development over the entire human lifespan, each stage marked by a crisis. If each crisis is resolved in a positive way then the child would develop high self esteem and was more likely to respond to the next crisis in a positive way, developing a healthy personality. If the crisis was resolved in a negative way then it was likely the child would develop low self esteem and have difficulty resolving future crisis. (ref). His theory, particularly the first four stages hold vital considerations for you as a teacher or parent, ensuring that young children develop and maintain a positive sense of emotional wellbeing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Stage one (0-1 years) Trust vs Mistrust: According to Erikson, a critical emotional struggle in infancy is between trust and mistrust. Emotionally healthy babies come to understand they have nurturing, responsive caregivers who meet their basic needs. They view the world as safe and enter into trusting relationships with caregivers and later, other individuals. However, a degree of mistrust is also important to keep infants safe from harm. But for the most part, the emotionally healthy baby is trusting of the world. (ref) A critical part of achieving trust from Eriksons view is the ability of infants to come to know and develop an emotional tie with caregivers; also known as attachment. Mary Ainsworth described attachment as â€Å"the affectional tie that one person forms to another specific person, binding them together in space and enduring over time† (Ainsworth: 1973).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Stage two: (1-3 years) Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt: Once toddlers have developed a sense of trust with significant adults and understand their basic needs will be met, they are willing to venture away from the safety of parents and caregivers. We see this as striving for control over their environment. (ref). Children express their growing self control by climbing, touching, exploring and trying to do things for themselves (Coon Mitterer: 2007). Offering support, achievable tasks and time, children are more likely to experience success and thus feel autonomous and develop feelings of positive self-esteem. (ref). However, if we are impatient, provide tasks that are too difficult or become unsupportive with their efforts, children will develop feelings of shame and doubt about their abilities, resulting in low self esteem.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Stage three: (3-5 years) Initiative vs Guilt: In this psychosocial theory of development, Erikson saw the preschool years as a time when children develop a sense of initiative. Preschoolers develop an increasing sense of their own ability and have a desire to make things happen. Through play, children learn to make plans and carry out tasks. Parents can reinforce initiative by giving children freedom to play, ask questions, use imagination and choose their own activities. (ref). When encouraged, this sense of initiative will support the development of high self esteem. However, when preschoolers receive negative feedback, prevent play or punished for trying to plan and make things happen they will develop a sense of guilt, thus developing low self esteem. (ref.)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Stage Four (6-12 years) Industry vs Inferiority: Middle childhood is the time to resolve the crisis of industry versus inferiority, according to Erikson. Primary school years are a childs ‘entrance into life, where children begin to learn skills valued by society. His theory states that as children gain positive feedback from developing skills required for their particular culture, they will develop a sense of industry if they win praise for productive activities such as building, painting, cooking, reading and studying. This high self esteem will motivate children to challenge new tasks. However, if children receive negative feedback and have trouble developing skills and a sense of inferiority will arise, resulting in low self esteem and less motivation to try new tasks. (160 more)